InboxGrade

DKIM signature expired

Your DKIM signature contains an x= tag with a timestamp in the past. Receivers reject expired signatures.

Impact — Medium impact

Expired signatures are treated as invalid. Same effective impact as a signature failure: deliverability degrades, DMARC via DKIM fails.

What causes it

  1. You configured a short x= expiration (e.g., 7 days) and the message sat in a queue longer than that before delivery.
  2. Your mail server's clock drifted and the x= value was wrong at signing time.
  3. A legitimate replay delay (e.g., mailing list digest) pushed the message past expiration.

How to fix it

Step 1: Remove the x= tag entirely

RFC 6376 makes x= optional. For most senders, having no expiration is simpler and avoids this class of error. Set your signer to not include x=.

Step 2: If you need x=, use a longer window

If you have a specific security reason to expire signatures (e.g., preventing long-term replay attacks), use 30 days minimum. Most mail round-trips in minutes; 30 days is a safe cushion.

Step 3: Verify server clock accuracy

Run timedatectl status on your mail server. If NTP sync is off, the signing timestamp will be wrong. Enable chrony or systemd-timesyncd and point to pool.ntp.org.

Fixed it? Run a fresh test to confirm.

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